The Insanity Plea essays

The Insanity Plea articles On the planet today, there are numerous intellectually lopsided people, the individuals who cannot avoid certain driving forces because of their intellectual ability. Individuals who cannot decide directly from off-base or even individuals who can't control their own self. A portion of these individuals can be delegated crooks. They have planned something inadmissible for society. How are these individuals judged? Is it reasonable for consider them answerable and try to rebuff them? The courts in totally humanized countries have acknowledged that the individuals who are crazy can't be dealt with equivalent to a rational guilty party. This view has brought about what we know today as The Insanity Plea. Wrongdoers who are genuinely lopsided can be seen not as blameworthy of a wrongdoing by reason of madness. This is left to address, what comprises of a genuinely intellectually unequal human? Numerous Americans feel normal or somewhat unequal guilty parties utilize the request too witho ut any problem. The request is the quite reasonable method of equity for the intellectually uneven, yet stricter principles and guidelines ought to be evaluated to forestall maltreatment of the supplication. In antiquated social orders, an individual was decided whether they carried out the wrongdoing or not. You were blameworthy or not liable exclusively on the realities of the case. In the mid thirteenth century, the madness supplication got known to the world. The lord would give exonerations to the individuals who were intellectually flawed and they would not need to carry out a jail punishment or be executed . Little was thought about psychological instabilities and issues emerged on the level of craziness. The English concocted a request of outright franticness, with an effective supplication the respondent would be liberated from all charges. Supreme frenzy was an amazingly broad standard; in this manner the English precedent-based law was made. This idea, the capacity to decide directly from wrong, was the essential rule in making a decision about madness cases. In 1843, the death endeavor on British Prime Minister Robert Peel was the first run through the craziness resistance was utilized in a notable politic... <!

Union Structure and Governance

Presentation The motivation behind this investigation will be to break down the structure and administration of a national or global association that tends to the situation of workers.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Union Structure and Governance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The association that will be centered around in this examination will be the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) which is a worker's organization speaking to the necessities of laborers utilized in the electrical business in the United States, Panama and Canada just as different specialists utilized in the open utility and electrical assembling industry. The association likewise speaks to the interests of laborers utilized in PC, broadcasting and media communications part. The principle goal of the IBEW is to advance sensible working conditions for every single electrical specialist under the association and furthermore develop sentiments of fellowship/kinship among the different representatives that fall under the association (Hill, 2008). History of the Union The start of IBEW can be followed back to the Electrical Wiremen and Linemen’s Union which was established in 1890 in St. Louis, Missouri. Both wiremen and linemen rushed to St. Louis to show their exchange by wiring the structures in the city with power lines in order to display their exchange. During the presentation, the laborers got together to discuss their occupations and furthermore the working states of circuit testers in the electrical business. There was a general accord that their occupations were hard and they worked for extended periods with little compensation (12 hours every day for 15 to 20 pennies for every hour). The laborers didn't get any preparation or apprenticeship during the main seven day stretch of their employments and the security principles particularly for the wiremen were nonexistent which implied that they were presented to hazardous working conditions. These poor working conditions prompted the business having the most noteworthy death paces of one out of two recruited representatives in the entire of America. The Convention and the developing electrical industry were fundamentally the beginning stages of the Brotherhood (IBEW, 2005). The next year, 1891, saw a developing enthusiasm to have a national association that would address the predicament of electrical laborers in the US. The Convention that occurred in St. Louis moved toward the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to get a sanction that would operationalise the Electrical Wiremen and Linemen’s Union.Advertising Looking for research project on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Electrical Wiremen and Linemen’s Union under the sanction No. 5221 was built up in 1981 as a national association that would address the work needs of electrical labor ers inside the electrical business just as different specialists in the broadcast communications, transmit and electrical assembling industry. During their first year of activity, the association sorted out a show in St. Louis where ten representatives speaking to the 286 individuals from the electrical business went to the show (IBEW, 2005). The ten delegates included Henry Miller, the leader of the association, J.T. Kelly, W. Hedden, C.J. Sutter, H. Fisher, F. Heizleman, J. Berlowitz, T.J. Finnell, M. Dorsey and E. Hartung. These ten representatives framed the originators of the association and they received an alternate name for the association known as the National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. They worked for quite a long time drafting a constitution for the association which would specify the laws and methods that would manage the activities of the association. They additionally thought of the notable token of the association, a clench hand getting a handle on a few light ning jolts, which would be utilized to recognize the association from different associations in the US. During the Convention, the representatives chose Henry Miller as the main Grand President of the association and they additionally chose T. Kelly as the Grand Secretary Treasurer of the association. In the 1899 Pittsburgh Convention, the association chose to change its name to the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. The participation during that time had arrived at 2,000 individuals with more than 43 contracted nearby associations in the entire of America. The present number of individuals currently remains at 750,000 in the four nations secured by the association (Panama, Canada, US and a few pieces of the Caribbean’s) (IBEW, 2005). The kind of bosses the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers deals with incorporates the electrical assembling businesses, open service organizations that offer power to buyers, electrical establishment organizations, wir emen and linemen contracting offices. The association confronted difficulty during its first year of activity as it got a great deal of analysis and outrage from bosses working in the referenced organizations. A large number of these businesses were attempting to drive out worker's organizations in the nation by sorting out open shop battles in the national level. The association anyway tried to decrease strains among businesses and workers in the electrical business by shaping the Council on Industrial Relations which would be utilized to speak to the premiums of directors and representatives (IBEW, 2005).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Union Structure and Governance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hierarchical Structure of the Organization The IBEW is comprised of three utilitarian bodies which make up the structure of the association and these incorporate the official body which is made of the International President, the Interna tional Secretary-Treasurer, International delegates and the eleven International Vice-Presidents that deal with the area level tasks of the association. Different workplaces that fall under the official body incorporate the nearby association workplaces just as the enrollment of IBEW. The legal and administrative collections of the association are comprised of the International Executive Council which is comprised of a director and eight chosen individuals working in the region workplaces. The International President is accused of the general organization of the IBEW and the duties that accompany the worldwide office are changed and particular (IBEW, 2005). A few obligations of the International President incorporate executing the laws of the Brotherhood, supervising any questionable issues that may emerge inside the association, following up on any interests that may emerge from choices made by the International Vice Presidents, choosing IBEW approaches and strategies, contracting and amalgamating different associations that have been built up in the nearby level and suspending or renouncing any neighborhood association sanctions that don't serve the interests of IBEW’s individuals. The International Secretary-Treasurer is essentially accused of the job of taking care of the money related issues of the IBEW International office, for example, speculations and annuity reserves. The obligations of the treasurer incorporate gathering, dispensing and representing every single association support, keeping up records of the organization’s participation and accepting every marked application for the neighborhood association contract. The treasurer is additionally accused of ensuring the seal and token of the Brotherhood (IBEW, 2005). The eleven International VPs that make up the area office and have been chosen by the nearby associations work under the directions of the International President of IBEW. The obligations of the VP incorporate regulating th e exercises of every single International Representative inside the area branch workplaces and furthermore follow up on claims that may originate from individuals from the nearby associations. The inner bodies that exist in the nearby associations incorporate presidents who are accused of upholding the protected arrangements of the association, VPs who are accused of helping the neighborhood president with office obligations, recording secretary who is accused of the job of keeping the minutes of nearby association gatherings just as keeping up all gathering records, the money related secretary who is accused of taking care of the considerable number of assets gathered by the neighborhood association (IBEW Constitution, 2008).Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Another individual from the neighborhood association is the treasurer who gets every single gathered reserve from the money related secretary and stores them in the bank under the name of the nearby association and the business chief who is accused of the job of speaking to the nearby association in any exchange questions with industry bosses. The business director selects all stewards inside the nearby associations to impact ordinances that will be expected to successfully deal with the elements of the neighborhood association. The business administrator additionally directs preparing programs for all stewards just as authorizing all aggregate bartering understandings. The International Executive Council (IEC) and the authoritative body are accused of dealing with the legal and administrative parts of the association. The IEC is the last power that is utilized when allowing annuities, handicap benefits and furthermore taking care of the personal stakes of the union’s individu als. The two bodies likewise follow up on offers that are made by the International President and they attempt individuals from the neighborhood association who have been accused of disregarding the laws and rules of the (IBEW Constitution, 2008). The graph underneath speaks to the progressive structure of the IBEW and the different workplaces/bodies that make up the association. Source: IBEW, 2005 Financial Flow of the Union The money related progression of the association is for the most part made of assets gathered from organization fees, annuity advantage reserves and the general finances that are utilized to deal with the everyday activities of the association. Individuals from the association are intended to contribute $10 consistently to deal with the aggregate haggling exercises of the association. The measure of annuity f

Monophobia The Fear of Being Alone

Monophobia The Fear of Being Alone Phobias Types Print Monophobia: The Fear of Being Alone By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on January 13, 2020 Tooga / Stone / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Monophobia, or the fear of being alone, is a catch-all term for several discrete fears. Some people are afraid of being apart from a particular person. Others have the fear of living alone, being home alone, or being in public by themselves. These fears may or may not share common cause. A World Mental Health Survey found that childhood adversity and lifetime trauma are important risk factors for a fear of being alone becoming a full-on separation anxiety disorder.?? Regardless of the severity of the fear, support is available. Causes of Monophobia There are a few variations on the fear of being alone and each may have different underlying psychological causes. The fear of being alone in public may be linked to conditions such as social phobia or agoraphobia.?? It may be triggered by feelings of loneliness and challenges with self-regulation. It may be linked to unintegrated traumatic memories of dangerous situations or to feelings of inadequacy should an emergency situation arise, a common concern for many people who fear being alone even when in their own homes. There may be legitimate reasons for the feelings of fear, such as if you live in a neighborhood with a high crime rate. Generally, these fears should not dictate the way you live your life, beyond encouraging you to take rational safety precautions. When to Be Concerned About Discomfort Felt From Being Alone Most people can identify one or a few people that help make up their support system and whom they miss while they are away. Most of the time, these feelings are mild and relatively short-lived. Prolonged distress may be a sign of insecure attachment and may, in extreme cases, be an indicator of an anxiety disorder. This fear is common in small children. It is generally considered a normal part of development and is not diagnosed as a condition like separation anxiety disorder unless it lasts later into childhood or is unusually severe.?? Coping With Monophobia Regardless of which form your monophobia takes, you might find comfort in a few basic strategies. First, make sure you do what you can to minimize the legitimate risks that may be underlying your fear. Even if your response is disproportionate to the situation, it may be trying to alert you to a needed action in your environment. Once youve done that, if your fear response is still causing you distress, the best thing you can do is work on your ability to self-regulate and be present in your environment. Many people find that relaxation exercises lower anxiety levels and can even ward off a panic attack. Purposeful breathing, meditation, and aromatherapy are relatively easy to learn and can be used anywhere.?? If that doesnt work and the fear is significantly impacting your life, you may find that background noise helps to distract you. Carrying a stimulating toy can also give you something to focus on while in public to mitigate anxiety, as can carrying around a book or tablet. Be careful that this latter option does not become a way of avoiding addressing the underlying causes of your fear. If you are unable to handle this on your own, look to your support system. Talking on the phone or online is often enough to assuage immediate distress. Long-term, some families create rituals, such as having the same thing for dinner or sending special e-mails at the same time each night, to honor their relationships while theyre apart. A Word From Verywell If your fear of being alone is severe, or if it affects your daily life, the best solution is to seek professional treatment. Like all phobias, the fear of being alone responds well to a variety of treatment options. Monophobia is sometimes affiliated with other fears and your therapist will be able to create an individualized treatment plan that addresses all of your concerns.

Comparing The Work Of Sigmund Freud And A Neo Analytical...

Contrasting Personality Theories: Analysis of Freud and Karen Horney Yorkville University Alanna Sampson Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the work of Sigmund Freud and a neo-analytical theorist. This paper will compare the work of Freud and Karen Horney and begins with an introduction to the study of personality and an identification of the key elements in Freud and Horney’s theories. The paper then moves into an analysis of where Horney and Freud would find agreement and disagreement. Finally, an analysis of improvements from Freud to neo-analytical theory will be discussed. Introduction Personality is a concept that will continue to studied and improved upon. Theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Anna Freud, and Heinz Hartmann and several others have contributed significant ideas to the study of personality and have had impacts on our current approaches. The purpose of this paper is to compare two sources of the motivations concerning why people behave the way they do. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach will be discussed and compared to the approach of neo-analyst Karen Horney. Karen Horney claimed that psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflicts and she offered a uniquely feminist perspective for her time that disputed the Freudian theory of penis envy. Key Points of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory The founder of psychoanalytic theory is Sigmund Freud.Show MoreRelatedPSYC 2301 3 Essay4271 Words   |  18 Pageslittle boys identification with his father. b. privilege envy. c. a little boys identification with his mother. d. a little girls identification with her father. Question  4 Not yet answered Marked out of 2.00 Flag question Question text According to Freud, the three levels of awareness are _____ Select one: a. id, ego, superego. b. environment, behavior, thoughts. c. preconscious, conscious, unconscious. d. pleasure principle, libido, reality principle. Question  5 Not yet answered Marked out of 2.00Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize thisRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 PagesPeriods, and Stages Physical Development and Health Growth in Childhood Pubertal Changes Child Health and Education 32 What Is Language? Biological and Environmental Influences Cognitive Development Piaget’s Theory Vygotsky’s Theory Case’s Neo-Piagetian Theory How Language Develops 02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 3:33 PM Page 33 N o bubble is so iridescent or floats longer than that blown by the successful teacher. Sir William Osler Canadian Physician, 20th Century Teaching Stories:Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesSecond edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The right of Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently

Exercise For College Students Essay - 1952 Words

Exercise For College Students College life is a time full of fun, friends, activities, classes, and homework. All of these activities however, add up to a busy life style. Being busy is not in itself harmful but when the busyness becomes so great that it turns into stress, problems start to arise. The formation of stress leads to many unhealthy trends, such as lack of sleep, loss of immunity to disease, and a change in personality traits. How then can stress in the busy lives of college students be reduced? The answer is a simple one that has long been known; exercise relieves stress. Colleges across the country need to implement a program of required exercise classes to promote the well being of students. In this†¦show more content†¦Those against mandatory exercise say that if students feel it is important to exercise they will create a program of physical activity on their own and it does not need to be a part of the school. The problem with this theory is that the majority of people would stop the program if left on their own without any sort of accountability. For example, a study was done on several different exercise plans to see what results would happen over time. First the theoretical approach of self-monitoring was used. This program left individuals to attend exercise sessions on their own without any intervention from others. The overall observation was that interest in attending and exercising was lost after about four weeks. Next the approach of stages of change was used. This program used four different groups. One group received weekly calls with structured inquiry to see how and when the subjects were personally exercising. The second group re ceived weekly calls with general inquiries about their exercise habits. The third group received a call every three weeks with general inquiries of exercise, and the last group received calls every three weeks with structured inquiries. The results were, that 63% of the subjects who were called more frequently were regularly exercising as opposed to only the 22% exercising success rate of those that were called less frequently. Also those called with the structuredShow MoreRelatedExercise Among College Students : Exercise1182 Words   |  5 Pagesdon’t exercise at all. Although exercise is encouraged to Americans the obesity rates continue to increase. College students are vulnerable to weight gain because of the environment and obstacles that surround them. A survey was conducted at the University of Texas at El Paso asking the students questions towards exercising. This literature review will inform the reader how exercise plays an important role in a student’s life benefiting them in a variety of ways. Exercise amongRead MoreThe Effects Of Exercise On College Students2112 Words   |  9 Pageslearned about the importance of exercise both through the experiences brought on by the project and reading research connected to my health behavior change. Studies have connected exercise to better health in many ways, but motivation to do physical activity for college students is lacking. College students are in a critical period of their lives which determines their likelihood to become obese in the future. (Egli 2011) A study was done to see what motivated students to participate in physical activityRead MoreLack of Exercise Among College Students Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesLack of Exercise among College Students For most people it is common knowledge that maintaining an active lifestyle and exercising on a daily basis is essential to a healthy life, research shows that approximately fifty percent of all college students see a decrease in regular exercise following high school graduation (Kilapatrick 2005). The decline of regular exercise displays a problem in more then a few colleges; the correlation of increased sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activityRead MorePersuasive Essay Exercise938 Words   |  4 PagesStudents should be required to have exercise in school because not only will they get a benefit out of it but also it will help them from depression and anxiety. Students should let their brains rest and toughen out their bodies. Your brain is already getting tons of exercise/knowledge each day. There are many benefits to exercising in college. Few of those benefits are: exercise prevents weight gain, exercise boosts your immune system, exercise can help you sleep, exerci se is good self controlRead MoreThe Role Of Peer Pressure On College Students1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe college culture praises unhealthy behaviors, such as binge drinking and the use of drugs such as marijuana, for us immature and still developing young adults. A popular reason for why college students partake in this extremely unhealthy behavior is the phenomenon we have been taught in schools and experienced all our lives: peer pressure. Authors, Nancy P. Barnett, Miles Q. Ott, Michelle L. Rogers, Michelle Loxley, Crystal Linkletter, and Melissa A. Clark, of the article, â€Å"Peer AssociationsRead MoreStress Experience By Millennial College Students Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pages Stress in College Students Helen W. Bland, Bridget F. Melton, Lauren E. Bigham, Paul D. Welle Georgia Southern University, University of Georgia, Carnegie Mellon University Author’s Note Helen W. Bland, Department of Public Health, Georgia Southern University; Bridget F. Melton, Department of Health and Human Science, Georgia Southern University; Lauren E. Bigham, Department of Counseling Psychology,University of Georgia; Paul D. Welle, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, CarnegieRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Education1361 Words   |  6 Pages Today’s generation of college students have been infected with social media poisoning, which places little to no importance on physical activity. Their idea of exercise consists of how fast their fingers type. Immediate changes need to be implemented in the education system to avoid serious long-term effects. College physical education courses are designed to promote a healthy lifestyle through education and exercise. The main objective of the education system incorporating physical educationRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students709 Words   |  3 Pages Stress not only affects the work performance and grades in the classroom of a college student, it also affects their personal life too. With stress, people usually have too much pressure. They are overloaded with whatever is pressuring them, it brings them down and eventually over runs them. This frequently occurs with the lives of college students, especially if they have many assignments due. Thankfully, there are many ways to relieve and/or reduce stress levels. Three main ways to relieve stressRead MoreNewton s First Law Of Motion Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagestwenties. Because a major portion of this age category is in college, it is crucial for universities and community colleges to provide physical education to help students achieve and maintain a standard level of physical and mental fitness outside and inside the classroom. At one time, the American physical education programs were producing strong bodied and strong willed children. The common gymnasium was no less than an arena for students to release pent-up energy and to display their physical abilitiesRead MoreBeing Physically Active Regulates Eating Patterns778 Words   |  3 Pagesquizzes, and exams college students already have a lot on their â€Å"plate† and typically their own health is put at the bottom of the totem pole. Whether it be not eating enough food or indulging in too much food, either situation can be detrimental in someone’s life. Becoming physically active can help regulate eating patterns as well as help better overall health. The target behavior being altered in this study is increasing the amount of exercise that the subject takes part in. Exercise includes but is

Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric Free Essays

Case Title: Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric Table Of Content Introduction: An overview of the case study S. W. O. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric or any similar topic only for you Order Now T Analysts Case Discussion Questions Recommendation 1. Introduction: An overview ot the case study Lincoln Electric is a leading manufacturer of welding products, welding equipment, and electric motors, with more than IJS$I billion in sales and 6,000 workers worldwide. Although now publicly traded, members of the Lincoln family still own more than 60 percent of the stock. Lincoln Electric’s tradition of innovative solutions, echnological leadership and commitment to customers, employees, and shareholders stems from the vision of its founder, John C. Lincoln and his brother, James F. Lincoln. Lincoln Electric has a very successful management system that other businesses benchmark their own systems by it. For years, other companies have tried to fgure out how management coaxes maximum productivity and quality from its workers, even during difficult financial times. The Lincoln system succeeds largely because of an organizational culture based on openness and trust, shared control, and an egalitarian spirit. Although the line between managers and workers is firmly drawn, managers respect the expertise of production workers and value their contributions to many aspects of the business. The company has an open-door policy for all top executives, middle managers, and production workers, and regular face-to-face communication is encouraged. Lincoln’s system worked so well in the US that management decided to extend it overseas. Lincoln built or purchased 11 plants in Japan, South America, and Europe with plans to run the plants from the US using Lincoln’s expertise with management control systems. Managers saw the opportunity o beat local competition by applying manufacturing control incentive systems to reduce costs and raise production. The results were abysmal and nearly sunk the company. Production and financial goals were not met. The huge losses in the international plants meant that the company would have to borrow money to pay US workers bonuses, or forego bonuses, for the first time, in Lincoln history. Management wondered whether the Lincoln Management System could be transferred to other countries. 2. S. W. O. T Analysts Strength Organizational Culture ;Everybody in company treated Equally whereby there is no special car parking area or managers and top management executives ,everybody will use the same cafeteria for breakfast or lunch and lastly they practicing open-door policy in the organization ;Any GAINS in Productivity will be shared with Consumers † low Price Employee † Higher Pay Shareholders————– High Dividend Incentive Scheme Pay according to number pieces produced and enable the workers to gain more wages than the other welding company workers throughout the United states. In addition, these incentives system indirectly heightened the sense of ownership among the plant workers and it’s encouraging them to produce more quality product ithin the timeframe. Lincoln main strength is Lowest cost structure and High level of productivity strategy Weakness Long working Hours According to the labor law in US or any other countries ,the acceptable working hours for manufacturing company workers is (35 hours per week ) whereas Lincoln electric practicing (43-58 hours per week ). No Base salary when there is no base salary, most of the workers will feel uncomfortable to work in that kind of organization. For instance, if the worker couldn’t work for 43 to 58 hours per week, he or she might low wage than others and how that person would manage he cost of living in United States with that low wage. Opportunity was told by foreign distributor that American equipment will not sell good in Europe ;So instead company decides to set up the Wholly owned subsidiaries and acquisition to make the Equipment locally to capture the international market. E. g. Lincoln acquired 7 manufacturer in Europe and Mexico takes 2 years to implement or change the entire company workers to follow and adopt the Lincoln organization culture and incentives system in Mexico. Threats Political In many Europe and Asian countries the government considered piecework as Exploitative compensation system which force employers to work harder, therefore in Germany the strategy doesn’t work well. Society As stated in weakness part, the long working hours became threat when Lincoln implement the strategy in Other countries because it is not acceptable since labor law limit the working hours 35 hours per week Technical Managers have no experience of work outside US and the local managers also felt reluctant to implement the culture of Lincoln in the Unit. Legal Due to many lawsuit against the organizational culture and incentive systems of Lincoln ‘s foreign acquired companies . Case Discussion Questions 1 . What is the source of Lincoln’s long-standing competitive advantage in the United States market for arc welding equipment? Lincoln’s Electric long-standing competitive advantage in the United State market achieved by a high productivity rate per worker and this company success had been on extremely high level of employee productivity. Lincoln’s Electric apply incentive scheme based on piecework. The workers receive no based salary but depend on the number of pieces they produce. The piecework rates at the company enable an employee working at a normal pace to arn an income equivalent to the average rage for manufacturing worker in the area where the factory is based. A company faces a quality aspect when it comes to incentive scheme based on piecework. But at Lincoln Electric’s the worker must repair or paid back any piecework that have defect. It means the workers must be responsible for their outputs. The work culture in Lincoln Electric’s is one of the attributor. The company had a strong respect for the ability of the individual. Moreover, in this company, they practicing open-door policy whereby the communication barriers between Workers’ and ‘managers’ were eliminated. All workers are treated equally despite of their position. Since 1934, production workers have been awarded a semiannual bonus based on merit ratings. These rating are based on; Objective criteria; example: employee’s level and quality of output. Subjective criteria; example: employee’s attitude toward cooperation and his or her dependability. This semiannual bonus motivates workers to perform better and work harder, resulting boost in productivity. Despite high employee compensation, the worker so productive than Lincoln has a lower cost than its competitors. 2. Why did Lincoln enter foreign markets through acquisitions and Greenfield ventures, rather than through exporting? The Lincoln Electric’s did consider expanding into international market by exporting, but was told by foreign distributor that American equipment would not sell well in Europe. So instead the company decides to set up wholly owned subsidiaries and acquisitions to make the equipment locally. Through acquisition, it was a quick way to execute. The company can rapidly build its presence in this targeted foreign market. Lincoln acquired seven arc welding manufacturers in Europe and one in Mexico. How to cite Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric, Papers

Understanding Empathy

Question: Describe about Empathy, the scope of empathy understanding and barriers to empathic. Answer: Introduction Empathy refers to the scenario where a person or a counselor understands another individuals situation or condition from their views. In this way, you get into their situations and try to experience what they feel often regarding their condition or conditions. In counseling, empathy is well noticed to heighten the assisting (prosocial) behavior. Even though the United States may socialize its people to be individualistic, research has revealed that the occurrence of mirror neurons act against emotions impacted by others and later produce them again (Brener, 2014). Empathy is a good technique of counseling since it enables the counselor and the person with the condition to share experiences fearlessly. Most counselors apply this technique in most sessions. Empathy technique can be used for all categories of people which include, children, young adults, adults and the elderly (Maibom, 2014). In the field of psychotherapy and counseling, empathy understanding has been highly recommended by many counseling experts who have applied the technique. Empathy and sympathy always create a little confusion. It merely involves identifying the customer. Empathy can also be defined as an exact, emphatic comprehension of the customers experience that exists inside him or her (Stotland, Sherman Shaver, 2013). It entails accessing the customers condition as your own. The notion of as if applies in this case. Demonstrating empathy enables your client to feel connected with you. The basic ways of showing empathy is through letting all your perspectives concerning the condition aside, listen to the other person carefully and understand well, formalize the other individuals viewpoint, study your posture, inquire what the person could do and give him or her a good piece of advice after you have gathered all the evidence (Schulman, 2014). The scope of empathy understanding The United States community is not internally organized; therefore, individuals cannot view situations from other persons perspective. Rather, they look at things from their own point of view due to increased individualism. The majority of people are engaged in their own daily dealings. A good number of people usually assume to think from the perspective of other persons. However, they think is a waste of time and not beneficial. The learners in the psychotherapy or counseling happen to possess averagely minimal challenges of comprehending the scope of empathy understanding and allowing themselves into other peoples perspective. It shows that empathy understanding exists in our society but, certainly, very few people are able to practice it especially those who are specializing in it at the professional level. Empathic understanding requires a keen examination of the client. First, the counselor has no idea; it is the client who has all the ideas, perception, feeling and attitude whi ch the counselor should ensure to experience, acquire, and understand them for better counseling (Hoffman, 2013). There are three key levels of empathy understanding. First, if the customer admits the counselor to enter into his or her condition during the counseling period, then the counselor will be required to be receptive to the client. In this case, the client is likely to try and explain all the perceptions in the communication. Secondly, counselors must know and comprehend the message of the customer so that the expert gets an overview on where to start. Lastly, the counselor as a professional should speak his or her views or understanding to the customer (Morrell, 2013). The counselor can only communicate well and reasonably if he or she understands the clients experience. Ideally, a counselor will never be the other person; he or she assumes the role. The expert is unavoidably outside, but applying the as if situation to think on how to best handle the condition. A condition can be either negative or positive, the majority of people think that these conditions are only negative which is not the case. In both positive and negative conditions, the counselor needs to understand every aspect of the customers emotions, experiences, and beliefs. It now comes clear that in empathic understanding, one takes the role of the other individual and in the function; one begins exploring herself or himself as if it were the affected client. As one tries to understand the customer, experience with them and also attempt to feel like they do, the customer easily adapts in the process and gets assistance on how to express, experience and understand herself or himself (Decety, 2014). Barriers to empathic understanding The barriers to empathy are the customers and counselors deviations. Such differences include educational knowledge, gender, age, culture, religion or dominion, social and economic differences. Honestly, no one can be like the other person. Everyone is unique in his or her own ways. The differences between the two parties can have an impact that is positive or negative depending on the uniqueness of the persons or the condition that is dealt on. Some differences may hinder excellent interaction. As a counselor, you cannot have many experiences to cater for every customer (Krznaric, 2014). Different customers behave in their own ways depending on how unique they are. However, customers are from different social, economic, gender and cultural set ups, the challenge is understanding on how to communicate with all of them effectively and attempt to take their role in the process of counseling. Sometimes, the color of the person is also a challenge. How? As a counselor, you can be black a nd what happens is that the client who is white in color will definitely look down upon you due to discrimination. On the other hand, if the counselor is white, he or she may ignore to pay attention to the black client. It mainly occurs as a result of racism. For this reason, it is highly encouraged for a counselor to take and additional behavioral and social science major, to help in understanding people of different setup or background more effectively. An example of such courses is anthropology (Vincent, 2015). It is to some extent suitable for a counselor to get enough preparation before an appointment for a counseling session, especially for the potency customers. It will give a counselor enough courage to understand the clients, ask possible questions and feel confident to examine the clients. The potential clients feel to be the esteemed individuals and are very challenging during the counseling or psychotherapy period. Some of them behave as if they are so special even if they pay well. Potential customers always require first priority and great attention. As a counselor one is needed to be detailed and accurate to information (Staemmler, 2013). Techniques in Which Counselors Can Prepare Themselves Counselors can prepare themselves in many ways. However, each counselor prefers his or her own technique which works best. The methods do not equally apply to all counselors because they completely do not work for others. Below are the two key ways on how the counselors can prepare themselves before engaging in an appointment with clients. First, is through relating with the clients in the normal way, putting all the professionalism and specialty aside and just be a normal person like them. They will feel you are on the same level and feel free to share their experiences with you. Most of them will experience a connection that will exist between you and them. It will develop the understanding between the clients and a counselor due to expected acceptable interaction as a result of the acceptable relationship. Secondly, is by taking the time to read some publications, articles or literary works concerning various groups and in particular the clients you are likely to deal with in the appointment. Some of the materials to steep in include various autobiographies and biographies, novels and poetry (Goldstein Michaels, 2014). Types of empathy understanding As far as empathy understanding is concerned, it has three key categories. The types of empathy vary from one to another and they occur differently depending on the persons involved. Below is a list of these types and their explanation. Empathic concern Empathic concern refers to the capability of an individual to make out the emotional condition of the other person, experience the condition and if it is not positive, feel and demonstrate an effective regard. Most persons think of this type whenever they talk about empathy (Reynolds Reason, 2013). Individual distress Individual distress refers to a literal way of feeling someones emotional situation. For example, when you a drama, it reaches a point where you feel empathy for the actor. A good example is where the actors engage in a war and one of them gets injured to an extent where you feel on behalf of the actor. The experience you feel is what known to be individual distress (Skultans, 2014). Perspective taking Perspective taking ideally means being capable of viewing a condition from another individuals point of view. It involves assuming someones role in a condition. When getting into another persons situation, you first need to understand who the person is before engaging in perspective taking. Showing empathy Building empathy is a good skill that one requires to add in his or her skills. In the contemporary world, most people are living in fear and anger. A few lead a happy life. Therefore showing empathy to them can significantly help them move on well regardless of the challenges they go through. There are various ways in which empathy can be shown. Demonstrating empathy needs to be everyones responsibility and not only the counselors (Breggin, 2016). The ways to demonstrate empathy are discussed below. Good listening Listening is one of the crucial and acceptable ways of demonstrating empathy. When you give attention to another persons condition, they feel you are concerned because you are willing to understand what they are experiencing. Maintaining eye contact, involving facial expressions and other non-verbal cues will increase the trust of the person who has the condition in you. As a counselor, you need to monitor your body language and all the skills of active listening (Stebnicki, 2014). Open up Demonstration of empathy is a two-way experience of communication. Both communicators have to play a role and opening up will help to share the necessary experiences or emotions that will help in the counseling process. In some cases, a counselor will require giving account of his or her own past experience that they feel can be of help to the client. Provide the physical affectionateness This shows you are connected and definitely in good terms. But, not every person is comfortable with the physical touch. If you really know the person, you can hug them because you already understand the person. For the persons you do not know, just ask before you give them the physical touch. Project your focus to the person Be keen on the person you are communicating with, give attention to the feeling or experience he or she has and node to signify you are taking everything he or she reveals. Also, be mindful on how the individual interacts with you. The practice of mindfulness to the surrounding of your interacting can establish the ability in you that will extend empathy to another person. Withholding judgment Making judgment is not an easy task because it is the last step and can have an impact which can rarely change the minds of a person. It is suitable to have an understanding about ones view then weigh effectively. It is uneasy to make judgment especially when it is the first time to interact with the person or client (Ciaramicoli Ketcham, 2013). Any situation where you find yourself making fast judgments, try to practice the following: Looking carefully on how you can show empathy to the person and try all your best to understand him or her as you are also likely to enhance the individual understand you. Identify what you share in common with the client/person. Inquire some things about the person to know how unique they are or their personal stories. Conclusion Empathy is part of a good life because everyone needs to be shown. Anyone in the United States society can feel hungry, fear or happy, thus, one requires feeling someone is concerned about them and this can be demonstrated through empathy. It is not the role of the counselors only to show empathy when giving advisory services. However, students in psychotherapy and counseling should play a vital role in ensuring others are able to empathy in the society. It is part of life and every individual feels to shown. References Breggin, P. R. (2016). The heart of being helpful: Empathy and the creation of a healing presence. New York: Springer. Brener, M. E. (2014). Evolution and empathy: The genetic factor in the rise of humanism. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland Co. Ciaramicoli, A. P., Ketcham, K. (2013). The power of empathy: A practical guide to creating intimacy, self-understanding, and lasting love. New York, N.Y: Piatkus. Decety, J. (2014). Empathy: From bench to bedside. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Goldstein, A. P., Michaels, G. Y. (2014). Empathy: Development, training, and consequences. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates. Hoffman, M. L. (2013). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Krznaric, R. (2014). Empathy: Why it matters, and how to get it. New York: Perigee. Maibom, H. L. (2014). Empathy and morality. Schulman, S. (2014). Empathy. New York: Plume. Morrell, M. E. (2013). Empathy and democracy: Feeling, thinking, and deliberation. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press. Reynolds, D., Reason, M. (2013). Kinesthetic empathy in creative and cultural practices. Bristol, UK: Intellect. Staemmler, F.-M. (2013). Empathy in psychotherapy: How therapists and clients understand each other. New York: Springer. Stebnicki, M. A. (2014). Empathy fatigue: Healing the mind, body, and spirit of professional counselors. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Skultans, V. (2014). Empathy and Healing: Essays in Medical and Narrative Anthropology. New York: Berghahn Books, Inc. Stotland, E., Sherman, S. E., Shaver, K. G. (2013). Empathy and birth order: Some experimental explorations. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparis Essay Example For Students

The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparis Essay on between two Southeast Asian societies Without rice, there is nothing doing. The fact that rice plays an important role in the lives of the peoples of Southeast Asia is undeniable. It is not just a form of sustenance that nourishes the body; it is also an aspect of everyday life that feeds not only the soul but the unbounded realms of the imaginative human mind. Such proverbs as above are an example of how rice is revered and incorporated in day-to-day living of the peoples in this region. Even outside the region, as in Mizumono Kuni the Land of Luxurious Rice Crops that is Japan, the placement of rice is that of a very high level: next to the Emperor, rice is the most sacred of all things on earth. We will write a custom essay on The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Money can be squandered and the wastrel forgiven, but there is no forgiveness for wasting rice (Piper 1993:14). In Southeast Asia, rice is seen as the basis of almost all the cultures and civilizations ever created. It is also said to be responsible for the high populations of this region for if it wasnt for rice that had replaced the millets and other staple food crops that preceded it, far fewer people could have been supported by agriculture (Piper 1993:1). The truth remains that the bulk of the cultures of Southeast Asia constitutes agriculturalists with rice as the main crop, with a few exceptions of course, in more industry-oriented nations for example. Two main elements can be derived: firstly, since rice has been the major crop cultivated in Southeast Asia for perhaps more than 7,000 years, surely cultures and civilization are interwoven with each other (Piper 1993:1). One can safely assume that that long a time must have been ample enough for gradual evolutions and intermixing of cultures and traditions, rituals and beliefs and so on that is closely linked to rice, so we can see simil arities between cultures of different countries within this region that may have even perpetuated from the same roots. And the same goes to the careful selections of good varieties of rice over time. Secondly, rice is such an adaptive crop that it is not impossible to successfully grow it in different environments where crops could not have been grown successfully- from swampy valleys and deltas to hot, dry land above the floods and even in the mountain forests (Piper 1993:1). Consequently, rice is often seen as a blessed gift from the divine and that it is generally treated with due respect and reverence. What are the evidences for this? A good way of looking at the extent of the importance of rice in the lives of the Southeast-Asians is by observing the socio-cultural ways and practices of the peoples through their traditions and whatnot that have been passed down from one generation to another. Obviously, most of these societies have put a lot of emphasis on rice and religion seeing that rice has indeed impacted upon their lives like a blessing from the heavens. As such, we shall later look at the examples of two Southeast Asian societies in which I hope will evidently display the socio-religious significance of rice in the lives of its members, and the importance within their society as a whole. Before I proceed, I think it imperative to somehow define religion and what the term socio-religious (significance and) practices mean. Why should it be a good indicator of how much rice is revered and even worshipped in this region? As a food, why should one even relate rice to religion? The forms of religion vary enormously, but they are all alike to the extent that they are founded on a belief in the supernatural (Ferraro 1997:284). Although the definition and interpretation of religion is highly open to discussion and that not all anthropologists always agree on one, Ferraro offers a definition which I think is suitable to this paper. He defines it as a set of beliefs and patterned behaviours concerned with supernatural beings and forces. He continues, Because human societies are faced with a series of important life problems that cannot all be resolved through the application of science and technology, they attempt to overcome .

magic Essays

The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essays The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Twelve Years a Slave Shakespeares, The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic. It is widely thought the main character (Prospero) is a transformation of the famous writer himself, William Shakespeare, as Prospero pursues his studies over his people and also is very fond of his daughter. We are first introduced to Prospero in Act I Scene II where we see his daughter Miranda questioning him about the shipwreck, here Shakespeare uses conversation as a tool to build up our first impressions of Prospero and to explain his past. My first impression is that he is quite self-centred as he tries to portray himself as a great character and role model to Miranda as is all his actions are for her benefit, No harm. I have done nothing but in care of thee, This could also be interpreted as the role of a loving father but then Prospero goes on to tell her about her past which he has kept from her for twelve years, is this so loving? Prospero may well have been attempting to protect his daughter, or it may appear to the audience that he was purposely withholding information from her just to ensure that his plan went ahead accordingly. He also talks of how he was unfairly overthrown from his prestigious position as Duke of Milan, but yet Antonio is not here to defend himself so as an audience we may stop to question whether this view is entirely true as he tries to dismiss the fact that he was more concerned with his studies. He desperately tries to maintain a high level of respect from Miranda, Thou attendst not? O, good sir, I do. This gives me the impression that he is esteemed by power, thrilled by the fact that he has such authority, unintentionally portraying himself as domineering. Throughout the play we are able to see the duality in Prosperos character. Shakespeare shows us two distinct sides to Prospero, one being the tyrant and the other being the protector. If we look at him as the tyrant we can firstly look at the main reason of the play; the shipwreck. Even though Prospero didnt harm anyone onboard the ship, he still caused the shipwreck, at first it appears that this is an abuse of his power, but the thing that strikes me most is that it was actually Ariel who caused the storm but Prospero doesnt reveal this to Miranda and even puts her to sleep before summoning Ariel. (This again could be seen as the role of a protecting father.) A key implement in Prosperos strive for power is his cloak, when wearing it he is in complete control and then once removed he returns to being the loving father. Shakespeare takes care to ensure that the elements of his loving father side are still apparent, e.g. when he tells Miranda of how her smile helped to sustain him th rough the journey from Milan to the island, Thou wast that did preserve me. Thou didst smile, Infused with a fortitude from heaven, The biggest debate, in my opinion, is whether Prospero caused Miranda and Ferdinand to fall in love or whether it was natural. We can look at it from both the tyrant and the protector side. It appears that Prospero has set everything up down to the very last detail to guarantee that his plan will work and hence Miranda and Ferdinand will marrybut does that mean that he made them fall in love? Yes and no, you could argue yes because if it werent for his plotting they would never have met in the first place, but no in the sense that he pretended to be against the idea so as to test that Ferdinands love was real. Throughout the play there is a continuing sense that Prospero is like a god. He is in control of his domain, has caused everything that has happened to take place, and has power over every situation. He is omnipresent in the sense that he sends Ariel to keep watch over everything thats going on and to goad and generally cause havoc, Ariel then reports back to Prospero so that he is kept up to date and can begin to plot his next plan of action. Again, here Shakespeare seems to provoke a domineering image of Prospero and this also highlights his treatment of Ariel. Any time Ariel asks Prospero about when he will finally be released, Prospero reminds him of the treacherous life he rescued him from. As readers we can see that this is quite hypocritical as Prospero rescued Ariel from one life of slavery and plunged him straight into another, Dost thou forget From what torment I did free thee? Prosperos treatment of Ariel varies as one minute hes referring to him as malignant thing and then the next, My quaint Ariel, so again Prospero could be perceived as being contradictory. In Act II Scene I the idea of Prospero as a god is further progressed, when he tests Sebastian and Antonio through Ariel by providing them with the chance to kill Alonso and Gonzalo, here we see Shakespeare using similar temptation as in Macbeth. When Prospero commands Ariel to awaken the victims Shakespeare lightens the mood by putting in a witty song, written in rhyme. Although it may appear that Sebastian and Antonio are in control, we as the audience know that Prospero is the real force behind it all, testing them to a certain extent and then stopping. If we look now to Prosperos treatment of Caliban, we see that even though he is in the same position as Ariel, Caliban reacts very differently to his situation. Caliban believes that every bad thing that happens to him is down to Prospero. As an audience we can justify that Prospero is in fact innocent with regards to the pinching, scaring, annoying, misleading, chattering, biting and hissing, and we may begin to see how Shakespeare uses Caliban to show us that Prospero isnt to blame all the time. We also begin to understand why Prospero refers to him in such a rude manner, e.g. freckled whelp, lying slave, and filth. In Act III Scene II we are again shown how differently the two creatures react to their treatment when Caliban tells Trinculo and Stephano that Prospero stole the island from his possession, As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island. Ariel, although again invisible, responds in opposition with Thou liest. This, from the view of the audience, again reinforces our perception that Prospero may be loving after all as Ariel has a tendency to exaggerate as well as Caliban but yet he supports Prospero on this account. Another godlike trait of Prospero is his tendency to test people, we continually see him do this throughout the play and one of the most important times we see this, when Shakespeare has him positioned above the scene in full view of the audience is in Act III Scene III when he commands the spirits to enter with a banquet and then when they approach to feast Ariel stops them with a speech, rather like a sermon, educating rather than punishing, summing up the play with, You fools! I and my fellows Are ministers of Fate Here Shakespeare imposes the idea of heaven and hell by having Ariel dressed as a Harpy (creature of hell) and the good and bad divide with the god watching over. But in some cases it may be perceived that Prospero is actually and evil god as he is teasing them with food. Even though Alonso thinks he has been punished for abandoning Prospero in his hour of need, we as the audience know that he hasnt truly been punished but in fact that his son is alive and so here we may realise that Prospero isnt really out for revenge. This scene shows us Prospero in control, as a magician, and also as a godlike figure. The language Shakespeare chooses to use in Ariels speech is very strong, the use of you may even make members of the audience feel as though he is talking to them. This play has a continuing theme of denouement, i.e. the untying of knots, and this is the structure of all of Shakespeares plays. In Act IV Scene I we see both the tyrant and the loving father side as Prospero addresses Ferdinand on the matter of sex before marriage, even though he is still being very formal and in some ways quite aggressive it is due to his love for Miranda, by handing her over to marriage with Ferdinand Prospero describes the process as giving away, A third of mine own life And therefore Shakespeare encourages members of the audience to empathise with Prospero. At the same time people may see this as his possessive nature, treating Miranda like his property, and quite chauvinistic but we must remember that this is what fathers did in that period. Throughout Act IV the image of Prospero as a playwright/director is built up increasingly, he makes it clear that the fun and games are over now, it was just like a game of chess to him with the King being cornered. In line 184, Prospero again is quite contradictory when he calls Ariel, my bird as the my could either be taken as possessive again or affectionate but then birds are closely associated with freedom but also captivity. When Prospero enters in magic robes in Act V Scene I, he is carrying a staff which of course is commonly used in the bible, both to symbolise power but also to smite things. In line 52 he requests heavenly music, Gonzalo is also described as religious similar to Banquo and King Duncan, i.e. Shakespeares good characters are all religious. At the end when we see Prospero set Ariel free, we see Prospero being presented as loving again, as he kept his promise and we can see that he was being truthful all along about trying to resolve everything. The common theme of Prospero as a god is more definite as he decides what is to be done and has the final words as they leave his domain, his epilogue is quite powerful in the sense that he has had victory over the situation, everything is as he had planned and now he can resume normal life. How does Shakespeare present Prospero in The Tempest?

Young Adult Literature Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Young Adult Literature - Research Proposal Example This is because the issues that are presented in this literature are more realistic and more interesting to the teenager audience. The content of these books, together with their popularity amongst the teenagers, has led to them been criticized and challenged by the society. This has led to them been banned from high school libraries as the librarians fear for reprisals from the parents and the authorities. However, banning a piece of work from a school library openly can lead to a lot of pressure and complications as the writers are bound to complain. To avoid the confrontation with the publishers or authors, many high school library media specialists have come up with an ingenious way of making sure that the books are not accessed by the teenagers in the school library. They simply choose not to add controversial items to their library's collection. This action is referred to as self-censorship in the collection development process. This research proposal is a prerequisite for a research to be carried on the practices that make up self-censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The researcher will try to find out why school library media specialists reject to add books with edgy content to their collection. 1.1: Problem Statement Problem statement is the section that the researcher sets forth the underlying focus of his undertaking (Tomang, 2009). The problem that will be addressed in this case is the practices that make up self censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The research will try to find out why the librarians, especially in high school, engage in self censorship where they restrict the access of the young adult literature by the teenagers in the school library. The researcher will examine whether this action is justified and the effects that it has on the writers and the teenagers themselves. 1.2: Purpose of the Research In his book methodologies of sociological research, Kimberley (2008) opines that every research must have a clearly stated purpose that motivates and guides the researcher throughout the research. The research will have no value to the researcher himself and to the field within which it is conducted if the researcher himself (who carried out the research) is unable to determine the purpose of his undertaking. The purpose of this research will be identifying the practices that make up self censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The researcher will be specifically interested in self censorship of high school's library media specialists. 1.2: Research Questions Research questions are the "sign posts that help the researcher to navigate the maze of his research" (Kimberley, 2008). This is because the research revolves around answering these research questions. The success of the research is gauged by how well the researcher answers the questions that were set forth at the beginning of the research process. The quality of the research will also be gauged by the objectivity of the research questions that are addressed. The following is the major research question that the researcher will be answering in this study. What are the practices that make up self-censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature This research question will act as the major objective of the research. All of the research w

Bermuda Triangle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bermuda Triangle - Research Paper Example The number of accidents will be illustrated and its causes and scientific facts will be submitted to have a clear understanding of the mystery. Discussions of fallacies come first followed by scientific explanations. Background First, let us have an idea where Bermuda Triangle is located. Thru the map, Bermuda Triangle has an imaginary line located off the South-Eastern coast of the United States and in the Atlantic Ocean. The three corners of the triangle are: San Juan, Puerto Rico, Miami (Florida and Bermuda (North of ) Atlantic Islands.(Battcharya, Raj.)    The definite area is not defined, but some says it is around 500,000 to 1,500,000 square miles. Battcharya, Raj recalls, at the time of coining a name or this place, it was named after Miami, but people of Florida objected for fear that tourists might be afraid to come. The same objections were raised by Puerto Rico too. No one seems to question when it was given the name Bermuda, so from then on the name Bermuda is retained. (Rattchaya, Raj) Several scientists have advanced their theories about the mystery of Bermuda Triangle. But the list of lost planes and ships are long that the theory or mystery is quite intriguing. This is not a complete one, but after exhaustive research I have gathered there is about 1,000 numbers of lost vessels and planes in this triangle, but names are no longer listed. The loss started in 1875 up to 1975 and after that only one incident has been reported lately. (India TV). List of vessels and planes lost in the Bermuda triangle are shown below. (not-exhaustive) Flight 19: The Avenger planes of Flight-19 took off from the U.S Naval Base of Florida for a routine training session, but never returned. PBM Martin Mariner: When the hopes for Flight-19 was quickly fading, two Martin Mariner planes were sent by US Navy to search them out. One came back, but strangely the other didn't. Tudor Star Tiger: Star Tiger, a Tudor Mark-IV aircraft disappeared in Bermuda Triangle shortly befo re it was about to land at the Bermuda airport Flight DC-3: The flight DC-3 NC16002 disappeared when it was only 50 miles south of Florida and about to land in Miami.   Flight 441: The flight 441, a Super Constellation Naval Airliner disappeared in October 1954 : USS Cyclops: Disappearance of the carrier ship U.S.S. Cyclops in Bermuda Triangle has been one of the greatest mysteries of the sea. Apparently it seemed to be a sudden thunderstorm that had disintegrated the plane. Mary Celeste - The Ghost Ship: Known as one of the ghost ships of Bermuda Triangle, Mary Celeste had many misadventures even before her mystery voyage in 1872. Ellen Austin: The Ellen Austin, an American schooner, met with another ship in Bermuda Triangle. The other ship that was moving in full speed, strangely had nobody on board. USS Cyclops: Disappearance of the carrier ship U.S.S. Cyclops in Bermuda Triangle has been one of the greatest mysteries of the sea USS Scorpion: USS Scorpion (SSN-589) was a Nuclea r powered submarine of United States Navy that disappeared in Bermuda Triangle area in May 1968 source: Battcharya, Raj Note that most of these losses happened decades ago, the last one was in 1997and news about further losses is no longer found. However, a recent news about the loss of the plane boarded by designer Vittorio and five others that appeared on January 9, 2013 has deepened another round of

Impact of Misleading Media

Impact of Misleading Media Misleading media is one of the major problems in many countries which had been discussed by many people to try and decide what are the reasons and the effects of this enormous problem on the society. No one can deny that the media contributes to the formation of the ideas of the nation, and this helps to improve the country and urges the nation to progress and develop, or it can lead to either corruption, misleading and wash brain which destroys the countrys rules and makes youth and people un aware from the truth. Misleading media has many causes as the absence of ethics, governmental rules on freedom of media and power distribution which has many effects like corruption, money laundry, unawareness and ignorance. One of the main causes of misleading media especially in Egypt is the absence of ethics and morality and the search for only one purpose which is profit. It can be in many ways starting from taking half truths and changing it by any means necessary to full lies. The media tends to report rumors, speculations, and projections as facts How does the media do this? (London, January 1993). In addition to the new fashion of using bad words in media which made the society to lose their morality and ethics. People in the street all they do is calling each other with bad words with no shame or regret that started to be so rude and disgusting and lost their way of civilization. Also they started talking about adult issues in most of the channels without even considering who is watching them even if they were children all they care about is a lot of watchers whether they approve of that or not. This enormous problem started to make people ignorant, un civilized and wash brained. The society is failing and most people disagree with such media that cannot respect morals and ethics but media only cares for many viewers to gain money that made people also lose their respect to each other and started misleading each other to gain profit and power but also the increase of corruption which lead to many evil deeds as money laundry and the spread gangs which lead to the spread of turbulence.Journalists’ corruption and lack of professionalism in the Egyptian press were highlighted in several academic studies. (El-Nawawy, spring 2014). From the main causes of misleading media in Egypt is absence of governmental rules on media as even government is ignorant that every freedom must have laws to remind people to not cross others lines of freedom and government is leaving media without rules. No rules on the right language to be spoken in news, television shows and newspapers. Even there is no rules to make some issues and subjects to be watched only by adults. In addition to the absence of laws that define the lines that media cannot cross whether someones personal life from acting stars to even politicians or issues that cannot be discussed at all without interfering with the media freedom. Also government should make sure that every news said is a full true without converting words or changing truth or even talking half truths which is the same as a lie. This lead to many huge problems as media started to make their own news not real or truthful one and started to talk on television shows about very un appropriate i ssues whether for adults only or issues that must be studied first and gain information about well before talking about it which make Egypt look like ignorant people with no knowledge which makes educated people feel terrible for their ignorant country. All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of society. We can vulgarize that society. We can brutalize it. Or we can help lift it onto a higher level. (Alexander, 2014). Misleading media is a problem that has many causes but the need for power and its distribution is one of the main causes of it. Many greedy rich corrupted politicians or even private organizations focus on using media for their need of power by many ways starting by spreading lies in the news and talking half truths against their enemies and using it against them. Also the need it to all the time especially to justify sometimes any problems the face against breaking laws and problems to wash brain and spread ignorance for their profit and power only without caring about laws or the development of the society and its effects on the people from injustice and ignorance. They use media for money laundry and corruption to gain their needs and only theirs. The medias the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and thats power. Because they control the minds of the masses. (London, January 1993). This effects the societ y and its progress by failure and spread of oppression, poverty, ignorance and corruption. This breaks the laws and defies human ethics and morality which is taught in every religion. Because the best succinct definition of power is the ability to get others to do what one wants. (Entman, 2007). The medias power is frail. Without the peoples support, it can be shut off with the ease of turning a light switch. (Alexander, 2014). Misleading media have been a major problem in Egypt which have many causes. Media lost their principles and respect of the morality and ethics of the society and started to focus only on gaining profit form made up stories because of the absence of the governmental rules and laws that make them does not interfere with peoples personal lives and protect their privacies. In addition to the help of the greedy corporations and politicians that make use of media as their toy for washing the brains of the people and controlling them to gain what they need without caring about the society which is a power that cannot be stopped. This terrible problem lead to many horrible effects on the society and the people from the spread of loss of ethics and morals between people and the spread of corruption , money laundry and gangs which made the countrys future rough on the next generations that lost the meanings of civilizations and the spread of ignorance, deterioration and injustice. Medias misleading way should be stopped and treated with to solve this problem or this media will destroy our society. References: Alexander, A. (2014). Role of the media . Journal of Communication . El-Nawawy, M. (spring 2014). One country two eras. Global Media journal . Entman, R. (2007). Meida in the distribution of power. Journal of communication . London, S. (January 1993). How the media frames issues.

The Gravity Model of Trade

THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 1 Assignment 1: The Gravity Model Of Trade: Do Size And Distance Matter For The Exports Of Japan? THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 2 Abstract In the field of international economics, the gravity model for trade reveals that bilateral trade is directly proportional with the extent of the economy (usually expressed in GDP) and inversely proportional with the geographical distance between the analysed entities. The present report illustrates the model for the case of Japan, elaborating the trade patterns created among it and its 9 main trade partners.The parameters for the gravity equation are estimated and the relation between GDP and exports for the countries in question are depicted through a scattered plot, for a more in-depth view on the connections. By testing the model it can be observed that the trade relations of Japan are being influenced by the size of the economy and the distance to the trade partners. (JEL F100, F170) THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 3 The la w of universal gravitation was published by Isaac Newton as a general physical law.Its application was later on spread into various fields of research, succeeding to explain a series of scientific phenomena. In international economics, the gravity model of trade is used in order to predict bilateral trade flows in respect to the economic performance (measured in GDP) and distance between the two states taken into consideration. The present report aims to illustrate the gravity model of trade for the particular case of Japan, revealing how size and distance influence the country’s exports, centering the study on the relation among Japan and its 9 top trade partner countries.The model will be tested by estimating the parameters of the gravity equation, namely the elasticities for GDP and distance. In order to estimate the gravity equation, the R statistical software has been used. The data set contains information regarding exports, GDP and distance to destination country, retr ieved from the 2011 International Trade Statistics Yearbook of the United Nations. All data has 2011 as the year of reference. The GDP value for each country has been converted into billions of USD, in order to maintain the same unit of measure.Example: China’s GDP 2011 = 47. 16 trillion CN? ;exchange rate: 1$ = 6. 4588 CN? ;therefore, China’s GDP for 2011 amounts to 7,298,147 millions USD. Figure 1 shows Japan’s trade as percentage of the exports of the top-9 export destinations in 2011, versus the GDP as percentage of the total GDP reported by the top-9 export destinations. As it can be seen, China does a lot more trade with Japan than even with the U. S. A, the main reason being the small distance between the two states, which THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE reduces transportation costs.In addition to this, the cultural factor has also to be taken 4 into consideration, as both Japan and China are Asian cultures sharing similar values and tastes; therefore they hav e a look-alike pattern of trade. The linear equation appears as it follows: z = 12. 03 + 0. 05 x1 – (-0. 15) x2 The coefficients of correlation in respect to GDP are b = 0. 05, therefore there is a weak relationship between trade and one country’s GDP. The coefficient of correlation in respect to distance is c=-0. 5, therefore there is also a weak relationship between trade and the distance between Japan and the trade partner country. The direct effect is that trade increases by 0. 05% when the partner country’s GDP increases by 1%, while it decreases by 0. 15% when the distance to the partner countries increases by 1%. The mean and the standard deviation (descripted variables) have been computed for the variables: GDP, exports, distance. GDP: mean= 1556897. 3, standard deviation= 2417090. 79 Exports: mean= 58211. 7, standard deviation= 52047. 57 Distance: mean=4319060. , standard deviation= 3462913. 81 The results obtained depict that the model it is indeed ver ified, but the correlations are not strong enough in order to fully explain the patterns of trade between Japan and its 9 main trade-partners. Nevertheless, we can observe that both distance between countries and the size of one country’s economy are factors that influence the trade between two states. THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 5 References: American Economic Association, JEL Classification Codes Guide. Retrieved October 6, 2012 from: http://www. aeaweb. org/jel/guide/jel. hp Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII) (2011). Geodesic Distances. Retrieved on October 6, 2012 from: http://www. cepii. fr/anglaisgraph/bdd/distances. htm International Monetary Fund. (2012). International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2012. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund Krugman, Obstfeld, and Melitz (2012), International Economics Theory & Policy, (9th edition), Pearson Education United Nations. (2011). 2011 International Trade Statistics Yearbook. New York: United Nations. Retrieved on October 14, 2012 from: http://comtrade. n. org/pb/CountryPagesNew. aspx? y=2011 United Nations Statistics Division, Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations. Retrieved October 15, 2012 from: http://unstats. un. org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha. htm THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 6 Table 1 Japan’s Trade Partners Country Exports (millions USD) China USA Republic of Korea China, Hong Kong SAR Thailand Singapore Germany Malaysia Netherlands 162062. 1 127679. 0 66167. 5 42954. 4 37530. 60 27264. 60 23505. 50 18796. 00 17945. 80 GDP (millions USD) 7298147. 00 14660400. 00 1116247. 00 243666. 00 345672. 00 259849. 0 3607364. 00 287943. 00 838112. 00 2098111. 00 10855. 59 1156. 67 2891225. 00 4612997. 00 5326388. 00 9298341. 00 5329095. 00 9303377. 00 Distance (km) Source: Data retrieved from the 2011 International Trade Statistics Yearbook of the United Nations (2011 – year of reference) Table 1 THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 7 Figure 1. Which a re the closest trade partners for Japan? This figure illustrates Japan’s trade as percentage of the exports of the top-9 export destinations in 2011, versus the GDP as percentage of the total GDP reported by the top-9 export destinations.

Instructional adjustment Essay

Introduction: A survey polled some 770 students and asked how much effort they felt they were putting into their schoolwork. To everyone’s surprise, the students with low grades thought they worked as hard as anybody! Yet when their study habits were examined, it was discovered that they actually did far less homework than their high-achieving schoolmates (Awake, 7). It appears that their teachers were at least partially responsible for this delusion. Perhaps they felt that these low-achieving children were not capable of much to begin with. Or they may have felt that merely being warm and friendly toward them was enough to motivate them to excel. Whatever the case, it seems that the teachers highly praised the students’ most minimal efforts. Passing grades were routinely given out merely for attending class. The children were made to feel that they already worked as hard as they could. Thus they did little to improve. This is among the problems occurring in schools and other training institutes for children. According to surveys, there should be more creative and interesting strategical approaches that They polled some 770 students and asked how much effort they felt they were putting into their schoolwork. To everyone’s surprise, the students with low grades thought they worked as hard as anybody! Yet when their study habits were examined, it was discovered that they actually did far less homework than their high-achieving schoolmates. It appears that their teachers were at least partially responsible for this delusion. Perhaps they felt that these low-achieving children were not capable of much to begin with. Or they may have felt that merely being warm and friendly toward them was enough to motivate them to excel. Whatever the case, it seems that the teachers highly praised the students’ most minimal efforts. Passing grades were routinely given out merely for attending class. The children were made to feel that they already worked as hard as they could. Thus they did little to improve. teachers should use to be able to attain a better result from teaching students who are both considered slow and advance learners. In short, both groups of students should be able to be catered by the strategies to be applied. In this paper, a wide array of choices and steps shall be discussed to answer the said problem in teaching and training. The Teaching Strategies: Every study time must include reviews of the past learned lessons. This will help the students remember the lessons that were learned during the last meeting for the class and thus refresh in their memories the overall content of the subject. After the review, the presentation of the new concept must be performed by the teacher. The following are some examples of being able to do so in such an interesting way for both the slow and advance learners: †¢ Presentation using illustrative drawings-children and students of all ages often enjoy the drawings shown to introduce a certain topic. †¢ Usage of Mind games- as an introduction let the students think in a fun way. †¢ Introduction using a story- this will help the students think and analyze what is going to be discussed. Aside from this, the students’ attention will be caught by the story. †¢ Usage of Media- there available VCDs and DVDs provided for several subjects in school. This could help the students enjoy while they learn. †¢ Usage of technology- computer presentations and other presentations using technology inventions could help the learners find a way to understand the topic in their own pace. †¢ Relate the topic to reality-Usually the certain topics discussed in school are based in real life †¢ Use key words to introduce the topic-Usually one word keys that introduce a whole topic helps the students remember the lessons easier. †¢ Use open-ended questions- letting the students think will help them comprehend better on what is being discussed in class. †¢ Encouraging a role play activity- this will allow the students have a refreshing start for a new lesson †¢ Giving handouts about the new lesson After introducing the lesson for the day a guided procedure must follow through to help the students go along with the topic for the day. Here are some hints in guiding students effectively: †¢ Using a diagram- an illustrated and colorful diagram could help the students visualize the activities †¢ Use guided questions- give the students the chance to decide on how they are going to go about the lesson. †¢ Go beyond the book- do not just use the book as a source, instead let the students prepare their own sources and let them share it in class for classroom participation. †¢ Prepare handouts Aside from classroom discussions though, students who are assumed to be slow learners must be encouraged to do independent practices which may include the following: †¢ Remedial Classes †¢ Extra Homework Activities †¢ Extended class sessions for a group of students †¢ Students assist students program †¢ Extra project for make-up home works for classroom activities which they could not cope up with. †¢ Encourage home reading activities †¢ Making considerable time adjustments for a student’s completion of school requirements With all these guidelines, a student is supposed to comply with the teacher’s strategies and if that doesnn’t happen, some interventions might be necessary for the teacher to use like: †¢ Finding the root cause of the problem †¢ Identifying the student’s learning stage or learning pace †¢ Match students to appropeiate levels of learning †¢ Adopt evidence-based intervention strategies †¢ Require active response †¢ Review, review. Review. If all this things shall be considered in teaching a group of students comprising of both the advance and the slow learners, agreeable results are to be gained since all these are already proven effective by many teachers worldwide. Hence, the teacher must always see to it that every learning need of each student in a class is sufficiently provided. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Magazines and Journals: â€Å"Pay constant attention to your teaching†. (August 8, 1984). Awake! Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 13-15. â€Å"How can I Improve my study habits†. (March 15,1999). Awake! Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 7. â€Å"How important are grades? † (March 8, 1984). Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 12-15. Internet Source: Steven R. Shaw, Ph. D. , NCSP. (2005). Academic Interventions for Slow Learners. http://www. nasponline. org/publications/cq285slowlearn. html. (17 June 2006). Books: Castillo, R. 1991. Teaching learners to learn. English Teaching Forum, 29, 3, pp. 28-30. Mercer, C. and A. Mercer. 1989. Teaching students with learning problems. Columbus, Ohio: Merril Publishing Co.

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